What cells

Cells
The cell is defined as the basic unit of all life on the Earth's surface, the smallest unit capable of multiplying and dividing independently. The cells gather accurately and regularly in the body of the organism to form the tissues, and the tissues assemble to form the organs responsible for the survival of the living body The human body is made up of trillions of cells, and cells are divided by structure into prokaryotes, the bacterial cells, and eukaryotes, the constituent cells of all animals, plants, and Human cells contain many different organelles, responsible for a number of specific functions within the cell, including the nucleus, the nucleus of the cell, responsible for regulating most of the processes within the cell.

Cell components

Human cells consist of many different parts, each of which has a specific function within the cell. Although there are many different cell types within the human body, they share the main components. These components include:

• The nucleus: The nucleus is the command center of the cell, which is responsible for sending instructions that determine how much the cell is growing, dividing or dying. The nucleus also contains the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the compound containing the genetic material of the cell surrounds the nucleus, which is responsible for isolating the nucleus from the rest of the cell and protecting the cell's genetic material. The membrane contains small nuclear pores to control the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the outer center J.
• The plasma membrane is the membrane surrounding the cell that is responsible for separating cell components from the outer periphery surrounding the cell. Plasma membranes consist mainly of a phospholipid, which can prevent dissolved compounds in water from crossing into the cell Only by a number of receptors responsible for regulating the movement of various compounds into the cell. The plasma membrane also contains a number of other receptors responsible for cell communication with other adjacent cells and the immune system.
• The cytoplasm is mainly composed of a gel called Cytosol that fills the cell space and surrounds the nucleus and other cell components. Most important interactions within the cell occur within the cytoplasm.
• Lysosomes and Peroxisomes (Lysosomes and Peroxisomes), which are responsible for the elimination of foreign objects and toxins entering the cell, and recycling the old components of the cell.
• The cytoskeleton consists of a network of fibres responsible for cell consolidation and cell structure. The cellular structure has many important functions that involve cell division, movement, and movement of cellular organs within it. Endoplasmic network The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the treatment of cells manufactured by the cell and transported to its specific destination, both inside and outside the cell.
• Golgi (Golgi apparatus), which is responsible for packaging vehicles previously processed
• The endoplasmic network to be used inside or outside the cell.
• Mitochondria, the organelles responsible for producing energy within the cell by converting human energy from food to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the form of energy that the cell can use. The mitochondria On its own genetic material, enabling it to separate sections from the cell, and mitochondrial intervention in many other functions such as calcium storage and programmed apoptosis.
•  Ribosomes, the cellular organelles responsible for translating and manipulating genetic instructions for protein production, and ribosomes can be freely present within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic network.

Cellular division

Cell division occurs continuously within the human body, to compensate for dead cells, organ growth, treatment of injuries, and many other different causes. There are two different types of cellular division as follows:

• Equivalence: The basic process of life-saving. During the process of mitosis, the cell multiplies all the components of the cell, including Chromosomes, and then splits into two perfectly identical cells. This sensitive process is organized by some genes In order to ensure proper completion of the process. If the division is not organized properly, a number of health problems, such as cancer, will emerge.
• Meiosis is the division responsible for the formation of sexual cells, such as sperm in men, and ovum in women. The chromosomes are divided in half to contain half the chromosomes And the number of chromosomes is completed when the semen is combined with the egg. During this process, the chromosomes are rearranged in a process called genetic recombination, resulting in the production of new cells containing a unique genetic material, the process responsible for genetic diversity Between individuals.

Cell types

The human body contains hundreds of different cell types and the main types of cells that make up the human body include:

• Stem cells.
•  Bone-less cells (Osteoclasts).
•  Bone-building cells (Osteoblasts).
•  Bone cells (Osteocyte).
•  Red blood cells.
•  White blood cells.
•  Myocytes.
•  Adipocytes (adipocytes).
•  Nerve cells.